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If the car came from the factory without side pipes, there will be a series of tabs welded to the bottom of the frame rails that the wide aluminum rocker molding attached to. The side pipe cars didn't have the wide rocker molding. Sometimes if someone is trying to build up a car they will grind the tabs off, but close examination will usually show some signs of them being there.
There are several give a ways that are alot of effort to cover up.
1. Properly cut body panels behind the front wheel and forward of the rear wheel
2. Signs the the Rocker panel brackets have been bent back or cut off
3. Signs that ground straps for under car exhaust at the transmission cross member have been removed. The holes in the cross member would be threaded if the car originally had under car exhaust
4. Splash shiels would have no signs of staple holes where the rubber seal is attched
5. Signs that the rear valance has been replaced or holes where the exhaust exit the valance have been filled.
I'm sure there are more I just cannot think of them all now.
So what is so different about a St. Louis body that only they were used for sidepipe cars?
All the stuff Gary mentioned... but if you know that AO smith body's for the most part are known to be non-sidepipe cars it seems that takes care of a lot of the cars out there. Then if it's a STL body and it has the stuff Gary listed than you will know wheter it's an original side pipe car. I just mentioned about the AOS cars b/c that is just a quick easy way.... Dave..
I dont know that I can say just why all or most all sidepipe cars were St. Louis cars, but there is one thing that may have been a factor. The body was known to be, and was built as, a side exhaust car from the start of assembly. In other words the bird cage was different and this is the first thing, the foundation of the body. So each side pipe car was built as a side pipe car. It may have been too much of a logistical problem to build up ahead like was done at AOS and ship to St.Louis to be inserted into the line. They probable just decided that it was easier to use the in house bodies.
Don't forget the VIN clues also. I think the magic number as car #12,000. Anything before that is suspect from what I remember, but my AIM isn't handy here.