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From: Middle TN by way of KY, OH, VA, IL, CA, FL, NY, SC, HI
Assuming you mean largest as a function of cubic inches, not horsepower:
The 427 that was available in the 1967 is a Chevy Mark IV engine, typically known as the Big Block or "Rat" engine, is a standard deck height engine. Any engine based on that, as said above, should be an easy bolt in, dependent upon using an intake that is not too tall.
I have doubts that a taller deck height of the same big block engine would fit, based on the intake gets taller with the taller deck height.
The LS engine series are small-block based and are frequently seen in mid-years as well.
No idea on non-Chevy engines, but you did say "largest Corvette engine."
A good friend of mine blew his 427/435 up. Broken cam and 3 rods thru the block. He dropped a 502/502 in with few fit problems...
Just be aware that GM Gen V and Gen VI big blocks do not have provisions for a mechanical fuel pump or clutch bellcrank ball stud. GMPP does sell a bracket that bolts to the bellhousing for the ball stud. Aftermarket blocks like World Castings Merlin will fit everything from a Mk. IV big block. OEM spec, you can drop in a 496 (.060 over, 4.25 stroke 454).