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My father told me that the way to check the EGR valve is to hook up the vacuum gauge/pump to it's vac hose and pump air into it. If the engines dies, the EGR valve works. Sure enough, that's what I did on my 76 and it died. Anybody able to confirm this test?
From: San Diego - Deep Within The State of CONFUSION!
What that will do, is tell if the device OPENS when vacuum is applied. That's all. It will not tell you if it HOLDS vacuum or if the TVS that sends the signal to it works.
Your EGR test , Exhaust Gas Recirculation valve is as SanDiegoPaul replied. Yes , appling a vacuum will at idle should cause the valve to opemn , allowing exhaust back into the manifold , thus leaning the fuel mixture and causing the engine to die. If the engine continues to run , reasns are usually carbon build up in manifold or valve seat or both ( assuming the EGR diaphram visually moves as vacuum is applied, and holds diaphram vacuum.
You will need to keep the vacuum pump attached an watch for a fall in vacuum pressure. There maybe a specific time to hold vacuum(check service manual)that should elapse to determine failure. Though it shouldn't fall at all.
To check if the vacuum is being supplied , connect a vacuum gauge to the proper TTV port and watch as the cold engine warms up. Note coolant temperature.