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The temp guage sending unit is on the drivers side head at the front of the head, closest to the radiator. It has one wire going to it and is clearly visable once you open the hood. It takes a 13/16 socket to remove and I'd get a GM replacement instead of a cheap parts store replacement. they rarely ever give an accurate reading. I know I've tried them in the past on my 79.
Try the five-cent fix first. Killain has given you the location. The sensor will have a male/copper/brass contact on it. Clean that gingerly with a fine sandpaper. Down to clean metal. Replace the female connector on the lead wire with a new one. Connect with a dab of di-electric grease or even a shot of WD40. You should be back in business.
Start with the cleaning. If you happen to have the original sender, it has a tall, skinny post with a push on wire connetctor. If you have, or have to get, an aftermarket or replacement GM piece, it has one of those "mushroom cap" terminal tops and a slide on terminal cap. If you can save the old one, do it. Otherwise, you have to cut and splice your original harness to get the correct connector for the new design. I found an NOS sending unit on eBay for $10 - that did the trick for me after cleaning didn't work.