How to protect the power supply against over voltages or surge voltages?

 

Easy: don't cross the leads on the C8's Flux Capacitor.

 

Technically the power supply is the engine.
The engine drives an alternator.
The alternator is prevented from generating excess voltage and current by the voltage regulator.

The best way to avoid surges is to keep the battery fully charged at all times.
The best way to protect against overvoltages, is to leave the charging system alone.

 

Quite simple, cars typically have fuse boxes, 20A, 10A, 15A... that will cover an over current condition or a (low voltage)
As for the over voltages or voltage spikes, cars typically adhere to MIL-STD-1275, that one covers the over voltages and surge voltages, and cranking voltage drops, such as when the vehicle starts the voltage drops as it requires a lot of current to get the "Starter" going! The way to protect this is with a voltage regulator, typically in your alternator or in line with your battery.

In addition, there could be another source of surge voltages, such as lightning strikes! Some of those electrical circuits can be protected with a lighting arrestor, some vehicles do have these, some don't. These used to be more common when you used to have a "Monopole" antenna, that used to act as a lightning rod. (This is still true for example for Military vehicles, and boats! We typically put a lightning arrestor in line with the antenna to protect the radio equipment in case it is struck by lightning!

In addition, we must protect small electronics from electro static discharge, (ESD), most circuits are designed with an over voltage, over current, and over temperature protection circuits! (That would fall under your over and surge voltage category). So for example, the buttons on the car, all need to be ESD protected so that you don't happen to kill the expensive steering wheel controls due to a 12kV Electro static discharge on a dry day!

Now say you want to jump start your battery with another car, if the other car or battery source is higher than 16V you need to regulate the voltage down as well, so that's why you would put a regulator or voltage protection circuit in the battery of the car. This is true for all electronic devices, such as cell phones, bluetooth devices, etc. Anything you can "Recharge" will have an over voltage protection circuit in the batteries to protect them from over voltage and over current conditions because they don't know the source that will re-charge them up!

Anyway, I hope this helps, it covers the basics, but it's pretty much how it works. You would be surprised how much goes into the electrical design of these vehicles!
Enjoy!

 

The guy has one post, and it's in the C8 section about over voltage. Not sure why we're taking him so seriously.

 

Thank you for this guidance..This will be useful for my studies..
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