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Typically, locking gas caps were a dealer-installed/dealer-available option through the early seventies.
I have no idea if they became a standard production item on later years, but I think it's doubtful. There were other generic after-market locking caps available during the same period, but these were different from the dealer-available caps. Someone with direct 77 experience will need to respond with more specific info and a photo.
All the GM accessory caps were smooth chrome on the top and had keys that said GAS on them which were made by Briggs and Straton. The earlier(63-69) locking caps had a small hole in them for venting purposes. The later (70 up) did not have the hole as the systems were sealed. The caps with the "stippled" finish on the top are reproduction.
My documentation shows locking gas caps are a dealer installed accessory up to, but not including 1977 model year. If yours is locking I would surmise that it's original.