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All [or any] of those will help increase HP. The question is "How much power do you want to produce? And how much do you want to spend?" The simplest and lowest cost improvement would be to get your present carb and distributor into good condition [rebuild, etc.] and to re-curve your distributor timing to optimize it for power production with the engine you have. Other improvements {in order of cost/benefit to power production] would be: headers/exhaust system; camshaft; heads; pistons/rods; intake manifold; electronic ignition system.
If you want low cost to high HP for short bursts...add nitrous to your present engine. {But keep the size of the shot within reason, or you'll 'toast' the engine.}
Depends on your budget and mechanical ability. Crate engine, headers, and true dual exhausts is one way. You can rebuild your existing engine and on and on......
Cheapest way is to go with true dual exhaust with magnaflow mufflers or similar. If you are on a really tight budget stick with the stock manifolds. They are pretty efficient. Headers give you a little extra HP and save on weight but the exhaust system will give you a much bigger bang for your buck. I don't think you would see much improvement bolting headers up to the stock 1976 exhaust system. Rebuild your distributor (if necessary), new plugs and wires, and then make sure your timing is set properly and carburetor is adjusted.
The stock quadrajet carburetor in good working condition is as good as anything you can buy and probably better than some of the replacements. The stock GM distributor in good working condition is too. Do a search on this forum. There are simple refinements you can make to your stock distributor that will make a big difference (along with the timing).
The above won't give you a giant increase in HP but you will be able to feel a difference and it will only set you back a few hundred bucks.
Or you could store the old boat anchor engine and swap in a new or salvaged LSx and make some serious power. It isn't cheap, but if you're looking for some big power it can be very economical/hp.
But if you need to have it done, well, good luck with that bill
Dual exhaust and a timing recurve woke my '76 up, but not enough. Now I'm replacing heads and cam. A lower ratio rear end would give it some go too. I plan to install 3.73 gears in the future.