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A stall speed converter is just a torque converter. Most people just use the name stall converter when refering to a torque converter with a stall speed higher than stock. (not sure but I'd guess around 1000-1200 rpm)
So what is the stall speed? It is the speed in RPMs at which the converter no longer allows for gross amounts of slip. People often choose a higher stall converter to match a lumpy cam. The stall converter will allow the engine to come into its power band, slipping until a specified RPM.
Best way I know of determining your torque converter's stall speed requires good brakes. With the car in 1st simply stand on the brakes and begin pressing the gas. The engine RPMs will come up to a certain spot and hang there, that is your torque converter's stall speed.
If you're interested in the inner workings of torque converters I'd suggest checking out Howstuffworks.com They don't go into performance converters (at least the last time I checked they didn't) but they do a good job of explaining the principles at work.
Just a note:
A stall converter allows the engine to achieve higher rpm's before it engages fully. You may not notice the difference with a slow start but if you step on it the rpm's will climb up faster. This puts the engine closer to its power band for faster starts. However, you will see higher rpm's at normal speeds. . (Just numbers to look at) If you run a standard converter and see 2500rpm's @65mph, Then switching to a higher stall converter you may see something like 2800-3000rpm's@65mph.
Power braking will give you the brake stall speed. There is also something known as flash stall speed. Flash stall speed is achieved by simultainously releasing the brake then punching the throttle, allowing the rpms to race up untill the point at which the convertor grabs. Flash stall speed will usually be higher then brake stall speed. For instance a 2500rpm stall convertor may power brake out at 2200 rpm, while the flash test will achieve the advertised 2500rpm. Other factors will also play a roll in stall speed. The same convertor in a heavier car will produce higher stall speed. Also higher TQ output from motor will produce higher stall speeds from the same convertor.