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doubt you'll do much to the transmission life unless you've increased the power somewhere significantly, and I don't think you have. as far as tires, aligntment shouldn't be any different..the tires are just bigger, the aligntment angles should be the same as far as I can figure. I have 295's on mine and they aligned to stock specs and i havent had any trouble
Changing tire and wheel sizes won't change the alignment, the angles are changed by adjusting the rack n pinion tie rods, and the camber/ caster eccentrics on the subframe in the front of the car, and rear tie rods and a camber eccentric on the lower control arm in the rear. You can use the same stock specs just fine, even if it's lowered (assuming you dont max out your adjustments). I doubt the lager rear tires will cause significantly more wear on the trans.