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They're a result of heating that part of the rotor past it's color change temperature. Different pads will create more rotor heat, or hard brake usage. Their only issue is looks, out on the road course I often see cars with the entire rotor the dark blue/black hotspot color. I haven't heard of performance degredation from it. Also, they should form evenly around the rotor, otherwise you may have a warped rotor. My front rotors have a blued "ring" about 1.5" in from the outer edge from road course use. No way to fix them without getting new rotors, I believe the metal changes deeper than just the surface, so cutting the rotors won't help - I may be wrong though.
You may have heated up your rotors and after stopping kept your brakes depressed. This transfers material from the pads to the rotor. If this is the case you will feel your brakes pulsing. If they pulse you can have them turned. Read at this link http://www.stoptech.com/whitepapers/...otors_myth.htm
I just washed my car yesterday, have not driven it since getting back from Willow Springs (Sep 20). I noticed some discoloration spots, not a continuous "ring" like you said, but spots, same distance from the center of the rotor. Is the rotor warped? Took a drive to scrape off all that rust on the rotor afer washing, and didn't feel any pulsing, though. Maybe it's just a little warped?, not enough to feel the pulsing. Car stopped great, pedal felt as good as before, brake fluid is very slightly darker than original. I was gonna bleed the brakes, but don't think I'll need to. Should I bother to change out the motor oil? DIC is at 75%, I usually change at 50% regardless. One nice thing about the PF 01 pads is that they dust a LOT less than stock pads. I'm undecided on whether I should take them off.