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I've heard the stock c6 z06 stuff is fine, i had a 2005 diff in mine that grenaded too and when it broke I went straight to RPM and got their level V c6 z06 diff and transmission.
at ~700-800whp for ~2 years without issue, although I don't drive the car that hard and haven't tracked it. if you've got the budget may as well just get the RPM stuff and never worry about it again
My old '05 diff just cracked and leaked fluid and I was able to drive it home from the track. But I had a brace which is probably what kept it from exploding like OP's. After that I put a C5 diff in for a while but then I snapped the output shaft on my T56 so I swapped to an '08 Z06 setup, torque tube to diff. I should get a brace for this setup too but haven't as of yet.
Finally got around bringing down the exhaust & this is how the rest of the differential looks like. I also found out that the previous owner put a brace on it. Seems like the differential is stock with 3:42 gears but nothing from the inside was damaged & only was the case (that's what it looks like).