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Attach a ground lead to the case and 12 volts to the terminal the stock in dash wire hooks to and the clock should power up. If not then it needs some attention to the internals.
12 volts is 12 volts. Auto battery, string of alkaline batteries [adding up to 12 volts], 12vdc power supply.... any of them would work. Ground to the case; 12vdc to the "power IN" terminal.
Years ago I went to Radio Shack and bought one of their 12V regulated power supplies for the very purpose of testing 12v automobile components. These supplies are pretty cheap and it paid for itself a few years ago as I bought (4) 70s era Delco car stereos for $8. I bench tested them and reaped a sweet $75 profit in the end. And by the way I tested my clock and repaired it with this! It was a lot easier working on the bench than rigging up wired from the car or getting a spare battery. I have never tried it but logic would say you should be able to use a 12v battery charger as well. You could take a meter and ensure the true output of the charger is 12v and it should work.
Years ago I went to Radio Shack and bought one of their 12V regulated power supplies for the very purpose of testing 12v automobile components. These supplies are pretty cheap and it paid for itself a few years ago as I bought (4) 70s era Delco car stereos for $8. I bench tested them and reaped a sweet $75 profit in the end. And by the way I tested my clock and repaired it with this! It was a lot easier working on the bench than rigging up wired from the car or getting a spare battery. I have never tried it but logic would say you should be able to use a 12v battery charger as well. You could take a meter and ensure the true output of the charger is 12v and it should work.
I bench tested mine with a battery charger.......LT