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The stock computer is pretty good about making the car "run" with anything you throw at it. Sure it'll lope around and overall sound pretty nasty, but it will eventually learn how to make it idle and such.
The problem is with the rev limiter and WOT tuning. At part throttle the computer will try to correct to the proper A/F ratio within it's range of adjustment, so that's usually alright.
There isn't a magic cam size in which the computer won't let it run, there are too many variables. With a very mild cam you might not need to change anything, but the more aggresive the cam the more you need tuning to take full advantage of it.
It may depend on the year of the computer and whether or not the car is a MAF car or not. In my '94 I had no problems running a really big cam as far as the computer was concerned.
Crane makes a line of cams made to work with the computer. What they do is give you lots of lift without a whole lot of extra duration. The theory is you don't want to get the lumpity lump idle because the computer will see no vacume and not know how to act. Crane recommended the hottest cam for me since I was building a 383. I'm going to change it out because it is a total dog until I hit 2000 rpm. Part of my reasoning to go 383 was to get that extra bit of thrust at 1500. The next size down is supposed to get into the power band at 1500.