What is controlled by the ECM ?

Is it true that the auto transmission of my 86 corvette is controlled by the ECM?
This is happening: I give my tranny up for a total rebuild because we were missing a gear and the shifting was very rough !
Now it is still not shifting softly. It seems that the 4th gear comes in at 140 km/h when I keep on driving in D. Everything should be changed inside the tranny. So they come with the story that there should be something wrong inside the ECM !!???
I need a lot of information about how the ECM works and how the tranny is connected with the ECM.
Thanks.....
(Yellow 1986 coupe)





