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looking at buying a 2003 C5 w/25,000 mi - Carfax report indicates that the car failed emissions inspection in New York 3 times before passing back in 2006. Should I be concerned?
The first thing I look at before even thinking about buying a used car is how did it do when smogged. While someone playing with tuning software can really mess things up, there are many other things (like an aftermarket cam) that can put the HCs over the top. C5s are not exactly squeeky clean, even bone stock, but in this case, I'd still be very concerned as to why a newer car would not pass.
Sometimes, when dealing with a hairy inspection station, you can have multiple reasons for failing. Most places might fail you the first time, and then make sure you are fully ready before running the free re-test.
If the car is modded, depending on the competency of the tuner, it can take several changes before it passes. The main thing is to be sure it eventually did pass. If you are really concerned, make the seller get it re-inspected with you present and pay for the new sticker.
Seems that NY has two levels of testing depending upon location. Do you know if the vehicle is subject to the tailpipe emissions testing? Or, is the vehicle under the VIP which solely snoops into the ECU codes listed through the OBD-II port? Shouldn't be too hard to get that information prior to determining the severity of a past problem especially considering the vast difference between the two inspections.
You may be well served seeking professional advice from a local Corvette shop. If you can tell them what tailpipe emissions component(s) exceeded allowable limits or what codes were displayed three times, your level of concern can be accurately addressed. Better than basing your concern from our assumptions. Trust this is helpful...